The Mayo Clinic explains bed sores, also called pressure ulcers, pressure injuries and decubitus ulcers, are an injury to the skin and the tissue below the skin. They are typically caused by long-term pressure on the skin and most often occur in bony areas of the body such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone.
People who are most at risk for bedsores are the elderly and those with medical conditions that prevent them from changing positions or moving; or spend a majority of time in a bed or chair. Most bedsore can heal with treatment but some never completely heal.
A complication of bedsores is cellulitis, an infection of the skin and surrounding soft tissue. The condition may cause the affected skin to change color and appear inflamed. Infections from bedsores can also result in infections that attack the joints or bones, and damage the functionality of that area of the body. A rare, but life-threatening, complication of bedsore, is sepsis.
Experts say to avoid bedsores, change positions frequently, take care of your skin, avoid smoking, and if you can, exercise daily. If you have mobility issues and are in a wheelchair or confined to a bed, reduce the pressure on vulnerable spots by getting help to reposition yourself every two hours. If you are in a wheelchair and have enough upper body strength, raise your body off the seat for a few seconds by pushing up on the arms of the chair. In addition, ask your healthcare providers about special cushions, wheelchairs or mattresses designed to relieve pressure. Experts say if you have an adjustable bed, avoid raising the head of the bed above 30 degrees.
To care for your skin, use a gentle cleanser and pat the skin dry. Check for signs of bedsores daily, and if you see any signs of infection, contact your healthcare provider. Change clothing and bedding frequently and watch out for things like buttons or wrinkles in the bedding that can irritate the skin.
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